What is a Congenital Torticollis?
Congenital torticollis, also known as “wry neck”, is a condition present at birth in which a baby’s neck muscles are tight, causing the head to tilt to one side. It is one of the most common musculoskeletal problems in newborns, typically affecting about 0.3% to 1.9% of infants. The condition usually involves the sternocleidomastoid muscle, which extends down the side of the neck. Congenital torticollis could be present at birth or could develop soon after.
What Cause a Congenital Torticollis?
The cause of congenital torticollis is unknown. However, it is usually associated with abnormal positioning in the uterus or a difficult delivery. The shortening or tightening of the sternocleidomastoid muscle can lead to a muscle imbalance, where one side becomes tighter than the other, resulting in a tilt in the child’s head.
What are the Symptoms of a Congenital Torticollis?
The primary symptom of congenital torticollis is the baby’s head tilting to one side while the chin rotates toward the opposite shoulder. Parents often notice this abnormal head position within the first few weeks or months of life. In some cases, a firm, small lump (or “muscle knot”) may be felt in the neck muscle, though this usually resolves over time.
How to Diagnose a Congenital Torticollis?
A physical examination by a paediatrician or a Physiotherapist Specialised in Babies is typically sufficient to diagnose congenital torticollis. In a few cases, the doctor may also recommend an ultrasound or X-ray to rule out other underlying issues.
How to Treat a Congenital Torticollis?
Early intervention is key in treating congenital torticollis. The condition often responds well to conservative treatments like physical therapy, including stretching exercises that help lengthen the affected muscle and restore normal neck movement. Parents are often taught specific exercises to do at home to encourage the baby to turn their head in both directions. In most cases, this treatment is highly effective, and the baby’s neck position will normalize over time.
In rare instances, if conservative treatment does not improve the condition, surgery may be required to lengthen the shortened muscle.
Congenital Torticollis in summary:
Congenital torticollis is a common and treatable condition in infants. With early diagnosis and intervention, most children fully recover, restoring the normal range of motion in the neck and preventing long-term complications. If parents notice any abnormal head tilting in their baby, they should consult their paediatrician or a Physiotherapist Specialised in Babies for evaluation and guidance.
